PixelEvent

Our Researchers

Supporting the Innovation Ecosystem

Dr. Gurinder Ahulwalia

Physics Instructor
College of the North Atlantic's Labrador West Campus

Dr. Ahluwalia is actively involved in developing novel materials for industrial applications for over 25 years and has published over 75 papers in journals of international repute including a book on Applications of Chalcogenides: S, Se and Te. She is a recipient of the Japanese government Monbusho postdoctoral fellowship and the prestigious JSPS (Japan Society for Promotion of Science) award.

Since joining the college she has established the Materials and Nanotechnology research laboratory with support from provincial and federal agencies on campus and has undertaken several projects individually and in collaboration with institutions across Canada for development and characterization of new materials (glasses and nanomaterials) for electronic and optoelectronic devices. Synthesis and characterization of materials and minerals has been done using techniques such as thin film growth, Atomic Force Microscopy, Fluorescence, SEM, TEM, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, UV-VIS-Spectroscopy and the Synchrotron beam at the Canadian Light Source.

At present Dr. Ahluwalia is exploring possibilities of harnessing the power of machine learning and incorporating artificial intelligence for developing new materials. In addition to teaching and research, Dr. Ahluwalia has been actively engaged in outreach activities for the promotion of science and technology within Canada and across the globe.

Ahluwalia, Gurinder Kaur. Applications of Chalcogenides: S, Se, and Te. Springer, Cham, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41190-3
Kaur, A., Sandhu, R., Khullar, P., Singh, K., Ahluwalia, G.K., Bakshi, M.S. (2021). Colloidal Stabilization of Sodium Dilauraminocystine for Selective Nanoparticle-Nanoparticle Interactions: Their Reduction and Extraction by Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles. Langmuir. 37(21), 6588–6599. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00956

Landon, T., Thakur, P., Kultar, S., Khullar, P., Ahluwalia, G., Singh, M. (2020). Photophysical behavior of heme group: Unfolding of hemoglobin and myoglobin in the presence of Gemini surfactants of different molecular architectures. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 156. 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.008

Kaur, R., Singh, K., Khullar, P., Gupta, A., Ahluwalia, G.K., Bakshi, M.S. (2019). Applications of Molecular Structural Aspects of Gemini Surfactants in Reducing Nanoparticle – Nanoparticle Interactions. Langmuir. 35(46), 14929–14938. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02855

Mandial, D., Khullar, P., Gupta, V., Singh, N., Ahluwalia, G.K., Bakshi, M.S. (2019). Role of Gluten in Surface Chemistry: Nanometallic Bioconjugation of Hard, Medium, and Soft Wheat Protein. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 67(28), 7886–7897.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01015

Kaur, R., Khullar, P., Gupta, A., Ahluwalia, G.K., Bakshi, M. S. (2019). Biodiesel as a non-aqueous medium for the synthesis of nanomaterials: relevance to metallic particulate suspensions in biofuels and their removal. Biofuels. 12(9), 1141–1148. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2019.1594593

Mandial, D., Khullar, P., Mahal, A., Kumar, H., Singh, N., Ahluwalia, G.K., Bakshi, M.S. (2018). Applications of rice protein in nanomaterials synthesis, nanocolloids of rice protein, and bioapplicability. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 120, 394–404. 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.101

Kaur, R., Khullar, P., Mahal, A., Gupta, A., Singh, N., Ahluwalia, G.K., Bakshi, M.S. (2018). Keto–Enol Tautomerism of Temperature and pH Sensitive Hydrated Curcumin Nanoparticles: Their Role as Nanoreactors and Compatibility with Blood Cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 66(45), 11974–11980. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03893

Mandial, D., Khullar, P., Kumar, H., Ahluwalia, G.K., Bakshi, M.S. (2018). Naringin–Chalcone Bioflavonoid-Protected Nanocolloids: Mode of Flavonoid Adsorption, a Determinant for Protein Extraction. ACS Omega. 3(11), 15606–15614. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b01776

Mahal, A., Tandon, L., Khullar, P., Ahluwalia, G.K., Bakshi, M.S. (2017). pH Responsive Bioactive Lead Sulfide Nanomaterials: Protein Induced Morphology Control, Bioapplicability, and Bioextraction of Nanomaterials. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. 5(1), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00991

Ahluwalia, G.K. (2016). Data Storage Devices: A Review. Proceedings of the 24th World Mining Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Mining Innovation. 106–116.

Ahluwalia, G.K., McCoon J. (2016). Characterization of Gold Minerals using SEM, XRF and LIBS techniques. Proceedings of the 24th World Mining Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Mining Innovation. 75–82.

Khullar, P., Goshisht, M.K., Moudgil, L., Singh, G., Mandial, D., Kumar, H., Ahluwalia, G.K., Bakshi, M.S. (2016). Mode of Protein Complexes on Gold Nanoparticles Surface: Synthesis and Characterization of Biomaterials for Hemocompatibility and Preferential DNA Complexation. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. 5(1), 1082–1093. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02373

Navdeep., Banipal, T.S., Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S. (2016). Nanoparticle Surface Specific Adsorption of Zein and Its Self-Assembled Behavior of Nanocubes Formation in Relation to On–Off SERS: Understanding Morphology Control of Protein Aggregates. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 64(3), 596–607. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05495

Goshisht, M.K., Moudgil, L., Khullar, P., Singh, G., Kaura, A., Kumar, H., Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S. (2015). Surface Adsorption and Molecular Modeling of Biofunctional Gold Nanoparticles for Systemic Circulation and Biological Sustainability. 3(12), 3175–3187. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00747

Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S., Kashyap, R. (2015). Shape and size controlled lead sulfide quantum dots for optical refrigeration applications. Proceedings Volume 9373, Quantum Dots and Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling XII; 93730M. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2078279

Goshisht, M.K., Moudgil, L., Rani, M., Khullar, P., Singh, G., Kumar, H., Singh, N., Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S. (2014). Lysozyme Complexes for the Synthesis of Functionalized Biomaterials to Understand Protein–Protein Interactions and Their Biological Applications. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 118(48), 28207–28219. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5078054

Singh, V., Khullar, P., Dave, P., Kaura, A., Bakshi, M.S., Kaur, G. (2014). pH and thermo-responsive tetronic micelles for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles: effect of physiochemical aspects of tetronics. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 16(10), 4728–4739. 10.1039/c3cp55079f

Mahal, A., Goshisht, M.K., Khullar, P., Kumar, H., Singh, N., Kaur, G., Bakshit, M.S. (2014). Protein mixtures of environmentally friendly zein to understand protein–protein interactions through biomaterials synthesis, hemolysis, and their antimicrobial activities. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 16(27), 14257–14270. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CP01457J

Yiu, Y.M., Kaur, G., Xiao, Q., Sham, T.K. (2013). Ab-initio calculation of the As and Se L3,2-edge XANES of As2Se3 and Zn-doped As2Se3 and comparison to the experiments. Journal of Non-Crystalline Soilds. 364, 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.12.038

Singh, V., Khullar, P., Dave, P.N., Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S. (2013). Ecofriendly Route to Synthesize Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Bioactive Polymers on Shape-Controlled Effects of Nanomaterials under Different Reaction Conditions. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. 1(11), 1417–1431. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc400159x

Mahal, A., Khullar, P., Kumar, H., Kaur, G., Singh, N., Jelokhani-Niaraki, M., Bakshi, M.S. (2013). Green Chemistry of Zein Protein Toward the Synthesis of Bioconjugated Nanoparticles: Understanding Unfolding, Fusogenic Behavior, and Hemolysis. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. 1(6), 627–639. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc300176r

Khullar, P., Singh, V., Mahal, A., Kumar, H., Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S. (2013). Block Copolymer Micelles as Nanoreactors for Self-Assembled Morphologies of Gold Nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 117(10), 3028–3039. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp310507m

Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S. (2013). Synthesis and Characterization of Chalcogen based Materials in Glassy and Nanostructured forms: A Review. WMC.

Kaur, H., Banipal, T.S., Thakur, S., Bakshi, M.S., Kaur, G., Singh, N. (2013). Novel Biodegradable Films with Extraordinary Tensile Strength and Flexibility Provided by Nanoparticles. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. 1(1), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc3000652

Khullar, P., Singh, V., Mahal, A., Kumar, H., Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S. (2013). Block Copolymer Micelles as Nanoreactors for Self-Assembled Morphologies of Gold Nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 117(10), 3028–3039. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp310507m

Khullar, P., Singh, V., Mahal, A., Dave, P.N., Thakur, S., Kaur, G., Singh, J., Kamboj, S.S., Bakshi, M.S. (2012). Bovine Serum Albumin Bioconjugated Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Hemolysis, and Cytotoxicity toward Cancer Cell Lines. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 116(15), 8834–8843. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp300585d

Bakshi, M.S., Kaur, H., Khullar, P., Banipal, T.S., Kaur, G., Singh, N. (2011). Protein Films of Bovine Serum Albumen Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles: A Synthetic Route from Bioconjugated Nanoparticles to Biodegradable Protein Films. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 115(7), 2982–2992. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp110296y

Khullar, P., Singh, V., Mahal, A., Kaur, H., Singh, V., Banipal, T.S., Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S. (2011). Tuning Shape and Size of Gold Nanoparticles with Triblock Polymer Micelle Structure Transitions and Environments. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 115(21), 10442–10454. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp201712a

Bakshi, M.S., Kaur, H., Banipal, T.S., Singh, N., Kaur, G. (2010). Biomineralization of Gold Nanoparticles by Lysozyme and Cytochrome c and Their Applications in Protein Film Formation. Langmuir. 26(16), 13535–13544. https://doi.org/10.1021/la101701f

Khullar, P., Mahal, A., Singh, V., Banipal, T.S., Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S. (2010). How PEO-PPO-PEO Triblock Polymer Micelles Control the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Temperature and Hydrophobic Effects. Langmuir. 26(13), 11363–11371. https://doi.org/10.1021/la100734p

Bakshi, M.S., Thakur, P., Khullar, P., Kaur, G., Banipal, T.S. (2010). Surface Activity of Highly Hydrophobic Surfactants and Plate-like PbSe and CuSe Nanoparticles. Crystal Growth and Design. 10(4), 1813–1822. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg901490w

Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S. (2010). Non-ideal Mixing of Se – Te in Aqueous Micellar Phase for Nano-Alloys Over the Whole Mole Mixing Range with Morphology Control from Nanoparticles to Nanoribbons. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 114(1), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9086249

Kaur, G., Iqbal, M., Bakshi, M.S. (2009). Biomineralization of Fine Selenium Crystalline Rods and Amorphous Spheres. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 113(31), 13670–13676. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp903685g

Bakshi, M.S., Jaswal, V.S., Kaur, G., Simpson, T.W., Banipal, P.K., Banipal, T.S., Possmayer, F., Petersen, N.O. (2009). Biomineralization of BSA-Chalcogenide bioconjugate Nano-and Micro-crystals. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 113(21), 9121–9127. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp900268f

Kaur, G., Wang, F., Yiu, Y.M., Shoesmith, D.W., Zinke-Allmang, M., Sham, T.K., Ding, Z. (2009). Second harmonic generation studies in thin films of amorphous Se-Te-Sb System. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 20, S164–S169. 10.1007/s10854-007-9498-8

Yiu, Y.M., Sham, T., Kuar, G. (2008). Electronic Structure of Se, Se-Te, and Se-Te-Sb Systems: Some Observations from X-ray Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Calculations. Journal of Applied Physics. 104(1), 13713. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2955454

Bhandari, P., Sharma, P., Kaur, G., Bakshi, M.S., Banipal, T.S. (2008). Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Supported by aggregated Assemblies of Triblock Copolymers in Aqueous Phase: Effect of Temperature. Journal of Surface Science Technology. 24(3-4), 1–15.

Bakshi, M.S., Sachar, S., Kaur, G., Bhandari, P., Kaur, G., Biesinger, M.C., Possmayer, F., Petersen, N.O. (2008). Dependence of crystal growth of Gold Nano-particles on the Capping Behavior of Surfactant at Ambient Conditions. Crystal Growth and Design. 8(5), 1713–1719. 10.1021/cg8000043

Bakshi, M.S., Kaur, G., Possmayer, F., Petersen, N.O. (2008). Shape controlled Synthesis of Poly (styrene sulfonate) and Poly (vinyl pyrolidone) Capped Lead Sulfide nanocubes, bars and Threads. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 112(13), 4948–4953. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp711925b

Bakshi, M.S., Thakur, P., Sacher, S., Kaur, G., Banipal, T.S., Possmayer, F., Petersen, N.O. (2007). Aqueous Phase Surfactant Selective Shape Controlled Synthesis of Lead Sulfide Nanocrystals. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 111(49), 18087–18098. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp075477c

Bakshi, M.S., Sharma, P., Banipal, T.S., Kaur, G., Torigoe, K., Petersen, N.O., Possmayer, F. (2007). Lamellar Phase Supported Synthesis of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles, Nanoclusters, and Nanowires. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 7(3), 916–924. 10.1166/jnn.2007.200

Kaur, G., Mui, Y., Sham, T.K. (2007). Se L-edge XANES spectra of amorphous Se-Te systems. Canadian Light Source users Workshop, Saskatchwan, June 16.

Bakshi, M.S., Kaura, A., Bhandari, P., Kaur, G., Torigoe, K., Kunio, E. (2006). Synthesis of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles of Different Morphologies in the Presence of Triblock Polymer Micelles. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 6(5), 1405–1410. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.196

Bakshi, M.S., Kaura, A., Kaur, G., Torigoe, K., Kunio, E. (2006). Effect of Sodium dodecyl sulfate and Dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide on the Morphologies of Gold Nanoparticles in the presence of Poly (amidoamine) dendrimers. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 6(3), 644–650. 10.1166/jnn.2006.123

Bakshi, M.S., Singh, J., Kaur, G. (2005). Mixed micelles of monomeric and dimeric cationic surfactants with phospholipids: Effect of hydrophobic interaction. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. 138(1–2), 81–92. 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2005.08.005

Bakshi, M.S., Kaura, A., Sood, R., Kaur, G., Yoshimura, T., Torigoe, K., Esumi, K. (2005). Topographical and Photo-physical Properties of Poly(amido-amine) Dendrimers with Ionic Surfactants. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physiochemical and Engineering Aspects. 266(1–3), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.06.059

Bakshi, M.S., Singh, J., Kaur, G. (2005). Antagonistic Mixing Behavior of Cationic Gemini Surfactants and Triblock Polymers in the Mixed Micelles. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 285(1), 403–412. 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.11.013

Bakshi, M.S., Singh, J., Kaur, G. (2005). Fluorescence study of solubilization of L-a-dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine in the mixed micelles with monomeric and dimeric cationic surfactants. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. 173, 202–210.

Singh, M., Sood, R., Kaur, G., Sakai, K., Yoshimura, T., Esumi, K. (2005). Characterization of Aliphatic and Aromatic Polyester Hyperbranched Dendrimers by AFM Imaging. Colloid and Polymer Science, 284(1), 74–79. 10.1007/s00396-005-1322-5

Bakshi, M.S, Singh, J., Singh, K., Kaur, G. (2005). Effect of Hydrophobic Tail on the Mixed Micelles of Diheptanoylphosphatidycholine with Cationic and Zwitterionic Surfactants: A Fluorescence study. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 169(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.04.017

Mahajan, R.K., Chawla, J., Bakshi, M.S., Kaur, G., Aswal, V.K., and Goyal, P.S. (2004). Glycol Additive Effect on Micellar Properties of Tween: Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Turbidity Measurements. Colloid and Polymer Science. 283, 164–168. 10.1007/s00396-004-1112-5

Bakshi, M.S., Singh, J., Singh, K., Kaur, G. (2004). Mixed Micelles of Cationic Gemini with Tetra-alkylammonium and Phosphonium Surfactant: The Head Group and Hydrophobic Tail Contributions. Colloids and Surfaces A Physiochemical and Engineering Aspects. 234(1), 77–84. 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2003.12.008

Bakshi, M.S., Singh, J., Singh, K., Kaur, G. (2004). Mixed Micelles of Cationic 12-2-12 Gemini with Conventional Surfactants: The Head Group and Counterion Effects. Colloid and Surfaces. 237, 61–71. 10.1016/J.COLSURFA.2004.01.030

Bakshi, M.S., Kaur, I., Sood, R., Singh, J., Singh, K., Sacher, S., Singh, K.J., Kaur, G. (2004). Mixed Micelles of Benzyldimethyltetradecyl ammonium chloride with Tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium and Tetradecyltriphenyl phosphonium bromides: A Head Group Contribution. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 271(1), 227–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2003.10.019

Kamboj, M.S., Kaur, G., Thangaraj, R. (2002). Dark and photoconductivity of amorphous Se–Te–Pb thin films. Thin Solid Films. 420–421, 350–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00848-9

Bakshi, M.S., Sachar, S., Mahajan, N., Kaur, I., Kaur, G., Singh, N., Sehgal, P., Doe, H. (2002). Mixed Micelle Formation by Strongly Interacting Surfactant Binary Mixtures: Effect of Head Group Modification. Colloid and Polymer Science. 280, 990–1000. 10.1007/S00396-002-0717-9

Kamboj, M.S., Kaur, G., Thangaraj, R., Avasthi, D. (2002). Effect of Heavy Ion Irradiation on the Electrical and Optical Properties Amorphous Chalcogenide Thin Films. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 35(5), 477.

Kaur, G., Komatsu, T. (2001). Crystallization behavior of bulk amorphous Se-Sb-In system. Journal of Materials Science. 35, 4531–4533.

Kaur, G., Komats, T., Thangaraj, R. (2000). Crystallization Kinetics of bulk Amorphous Se-Te-Sn System. Journal of Materials Science. 35, 903–906.

Bakshi, M.S., Kaur, G. (2000). Effects of Glycol Additives on the Mixed Micelle Formation by Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide + Dodecylpyridinium Chloride Mixtures. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 88(1), 15–32.

Bakshi, M.S., Kaur, G., Kaur, G. (1999). Hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide + Tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide Mixed Micelles in aqueous glycol oligomers. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A. 36(5–6), 697–718. https://doi.org/10.1081/MA-100101558

Bakshi, M.S., Pooja, K., Kaur, G. (1998). Micelle Formation by Anionic and Cationic Surfactants in 18-Crown- 6 ether + b-Cyclodextrin + Water Systems. Bulletin of Chemical Society of Japan. 71(7), 1539–1542. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.71.1539

Bakshi, M.S., Kaur, G. (1997). Thermodynamic Behavior of Mixtures. 4. Mixtures of Methanol with Pyridine and N,N-Dimethylformamide at 25°C. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data. 42(2), 298–300. https://doi.org/10.1021/je960300p

Bakshi, M.S., Singh, J., Kaur, H., Ahmad, S.T., Kaur, G. (1996). Thermodynamic Behavior of Mixtures. 3. Mixtures of Acetonitrile with Dimethylacetamide,Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Nitrobenzene, and Methanol at 25°C. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data. 41(6), 1459–1461. https://doi.org/10.1021/je960180l

Mehra, R.M., Ganjoo, A., Kaur, G., Mathur, P. (1995). Effect of in impurity on Crystallization Kinetics of (Se.7Te.3)100-x Inx System. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 45(3), 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02548774

Mehra, R.M., Kaur, Gurinder., Inderbir., Jasmina., Pundir, A., Mathur, P.C. (1993). Dark and photoconductivity of TBP doped n-type a-Si:H. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 164–165, 517–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(93)90603-U

Mehra, R.M., Kaur, G., Mathur, P.C. (1993). Effect of antimony impurity on photoconduction in thin films of Se-Te system. Solid State Communications. 85(1), 29–31. 10.1016/0038-1098(93)90912-7

Mehra, R.M., Kaur, G., Mathur, P.C. (1991). Crystallization kinetics of bulk amorphous Se80-xSbxTe20. Journal of Material Science. 26, 3433–3437.
 
Ahluwalia, G.K. (2001). Recent Developments in Disordered Materials (RDOM), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 15-16 March 2001.

Kaur, H., Pabla, M.S., Kaur, G., Thangaraj, R. (2000). Effect of Tin Addition on the Optical and Electrical Properties of Amorphous Selenium. National Workshop (MASTER 2000), Pantnagar, India, Nov. 8-10 (2000).

Singh, M., Kaur, G., Thangaraj, R. Optical and Electrical Properties of Electron Beam Evaporated Amorphous Se- In-Sb Chalcogenide Thin Films.

Mehra, R.M., Kaur, G., Mathur, P. (1993). Study of Se-Te-Sb system for application to reversible optical data storage. Ninth International Conference on Ternary and Multinary compounds (ICTMC9), Yokohama, and Japan. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 32, 128–129.
 
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